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Sembiyan Mahadevi
Queen Sembiyan Mahãdevi (also Cempiyan Mãtevi,〔The Problem of Portraiture in South India, Circa 970-1000 A.D. by Padma Kaimal in Artibus Asiae, Vol. 60, No. 1 (2000), pp. 139–179〕 10th century CE) was a title borne by various queens of the Chola empire. She could be the queen mother (king's mother), grandmother, aunt, etc. The most famous of them all is the mother of King Madurantaka Uttama Chola Deva. She was one of most powerful queens of the Chola empire who over a period of sixty years constructed numerous temples and gave generous gifts to many temples in South India. Her endowments are simply staggering and she figures as early as, if not before, Saka 901 during the reign of her son. According to an inscription dated 941, Sembiyan Mahadevi is said to have made an endowment so that a lamp may be kept permanently lit in front of the Shiva deity (perhaps not long after the crystallization of the Chidambaram Nataraja (Natarāja) cult).〔A History of India by Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund (1998) p.134〕〔A History of India by Hermann Kulke (2004) p.145〕〔Siva in the Forest of Pines: An Essay on Sorcery and Self-Knowledge by Don Handelman and David Shulman (2004) p.88〕
==The mother of Madhurantaka Uttama Chola==
She was the queen of Gandaraditya Chola (''Sri-Gandaraditta deva tam-pirattiyar'') and is always referred to as the mother of Uttama Chola, ''Uttama Chola devarai tiru-vayiru-vaiykka-udaiya pirattiyar Sri Sembiyan Mādeyiar''(the queen who had the fortune to bear Uttama Chola Deva alias the Great Queen of the Sembiyan (Chola))- in the inscriptions in order to differentiate her from the other queens who have borne the title before and after her. From various inscriptions we know that she was the daughter of a Mazhavarayar chieftain. In the beginning, she always refers to herself as the daughter of ''Mala-Perumānadigal''.〔''Early Cholas: mathematics reconstructs the chronology, page 39''〕〔''Lalit kalā, Issues 3-4, page 55''〕
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